They were one of five children aged 9 and younger hospitalized in Ontario.
The Ontario vaccination schedule is similar to the Alberta one, in which babies are protected from measles at 12 months. Missing out on this vaccination means the child also lacked protection from mumps and rubella, and likely also pneumococcal disease and meningococcal disease (infections that can cause deafness, brain damage, or death).
Had the child survived to be 5 years old, their parents would have been able to reject protection from diphtheria, pertussis and polio, and later liver and genital cancers from hepatitis B and HPV.